Closed Survey
A closed survey refers to a type of survey where respondents choose from pre-defined options to answer questions. Since responses are limited to these options, data collection and analysis become relatively straightforward, making it suitable for quantitative analysis.
Characteristics of Closed Surveys
Pre-determined Choices:
Respondents select from multiple-choice options provided. For example, choices like "Yes", "No", or "Strongly Agree", "Agree", "Disagree", "Strongly Disagree".
Standardized Data:
Since responses are based on fixed choices, data aggregation and comparison are easier. This allows for quantitative data analysis.
Quick Responses:
Respondents can quickly answer by choosing an option, which can lead to higher response rates.
Advantages of Closed Surveys
Ease of Data Collection and Analysis:
Using pre-defined choices allows for quick and efficient data collection and analysis. Statistical analysis and creating graphs become straightforward.
Consistency in Responses:
Since all respondents choose from the same set of options, the data is consistent and comparable.
Higher Response Rates:
The simplicity and speed of answering can lead to higher response rates.
Clear Indicators:
Clear options make responses to specific questions more precise, leading to more accurate analysis results.
Disadvantages of Closed Surveys
Limited Information:
Due to the fixed choices, it is harder to gather specific opinions or detailed feedback from respondents.
Risk of Bias:
The design of the questions and the content of the choices might introduce bias. For example, if the options are inappropriate or skewed.
Lack of Flexibility:
Respondents might have opinions or feedback that do not fit within the given choices, limiting the ability to capture their full perspective.
Examples of Closed Survey Question Formats
Single Choice:
"Please choose one of the following options." Example: "How satisfied are you with our service? Very satisfied, Satisfied, Unsatisfied, Very Unsatisfied."
Multiple Choice:
"Select all that apply." Example: "Which social media platforms do you use frequently (multiple selections allowed): Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn."
Likert Scale:
Measures respondents' opinions or attitudes. Example: "Please rate your satisfaction with this product: Very satisfied, Satisfied, Neutral, Unsatisfied, Very Unsatisfied."
Rating Scale:
Respondents rate on a numerical scale. Example: "Rate the quality of service from 1 to 10."
Designing Closed Surveys
Clear Objectives:
Define the survey's purpose clearly and design questions that align with this objective.
Appropriate Options:
Set options that are easy for respondents to choose from and that provide meaningful data. Ensure all possible responses are covered.
Question Order:
Arrange questions in a logical flow that facilitates respondents' thought processes. Group related questions together.
Testing and Feedback:
Conduct a pilot survey with a sample group to check the clarity and appropriateness of the questions and options. Make improvements as needed.
Summary
Closed surveys are a type of survey where respondents answer by selecting from pre-set options, making data collection and analysis easier and suitable for quantitative analysis. They offer advantages such as standardized data, quick responses, higher response rates, and clear indicators, but also have drawbacks like limited information, risk of bias, and lack of flexibility. With proper design and option settings, effective closed surveys can be conducted to collect meaningful data.